The stabilization arch is constructed in 0.016″ or 0.018″ round stainless steel wire. Posteriorly it passes through the accessory tubes and anteriorly it overlies the incisor brackets and is secured...

Overbite control has always been problematical in the edgewise technique. The Begg technique1 has a reputation for opening deep bites and reducing big overjets quite rapidly, especially in the early...

A male patient aged 14 years, 8 months with average oral hygiene with a Class I malocclusion on a Class I base, increased MMPA and vertical lower facial dimension, had moderate crowding in both arches...

One hundred transparent moulded elastomeric ligatures (Dentaurum, Germany. Batch: 774-5513-00) were selected. The samples were divided into three test groups. Each group had 30 ligatures. The...

A 21-year-old female reported for a routine dental check-up. On intra-oral examination there were bilaterally retained mandibular deciduous canines (Figure 1 a, b). Further investigation of the...

Computed radiography was developed by the Fuji imaging company, with the first medical Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) system being released in 1982. The technology involved the use of photostimulable...

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been available for imaging the craniofacial region for around ten years. In comparison with conventional CT, which acquires data as a series of 'slices' using...

Studies using scanning electron microscopy have revealed that root resorption is not only dependent upon time taken and force used, but also the type of tooth movement to which the teeth are...

Synchronous Straight–Wire treatment events are integrated, which requires a detailed approach to the planning and monitoring of tooth movement and force application.