Sukhraj Grewal
Orthodontic Senior Specialty Registrar, King's College London Dental Institute, UK
Orthodontic pain
Sukhraj GrewalThe sensation of pain is initiated in one of two ways, either by the direct stimulation of nociceptive nerve fibres by a mechanical, chemical or thermal stimulus; or indirect stimulation following the...
An update on local anaesthesia in orthodontics
Lydia MJ HarrisPain is ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’.2 It is detected via free Aδ and C nerve fibres in response to physical, chemical or thermal...