Abstract
Malocclusion is a common disorder associated with the orofacial region. Orthodontic treatment in isolation or combined with maxillofacial surgery is increasingly being sought for its correction. The aetiology of malocclusion has been debated since the first appliances were placed, with the relative importance of nature and nurture being unclear. We are beginning to understand that a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors produces deviation from what is considered to be the ideal occlusion. It is important for the practitioner to appreciate the aetiological factors as environmental factors can often be modified and are amenable to correction; however, malocclusion with a predominantly genetic basis is more difficult to manage.