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References

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Lim S-M, Hong Y-K, Park JE-Y. A new indirect bonding technique for lingual retainers. J Clin Orthod. 2004; 38:652-655
Haydar B, Haydar S. An indirect method for bonding lingual retainers. J Clin Orthod. 2001; 35:608-610
London: British Standards Institution; 1976
Booth F, Edelman J, Proffit W. Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008; 133:70-76
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Foek DL, Ozcan M, Krebs E, Sandham A. Adhesive properties of bonded orthodontic retainers to enamel: stainless steel wire vs fiber-reinforced composites. J Adhes Dent. 2009; 11:381-390
Liou EJW, Chen LIJ, Shing Huange C. Nickel-titanium mandibular bonded lingual 3-3 retainer: for permanent retention and solving relapse of mandibular anterior crowding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001; 119:443-449
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Lew KK. Direct-bonded lingual retainer. J Clin Orthod. 1989; 23:490-491
Lee KD, Mills CM. Bond failure rates for V-loop vs straight wire lingual retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 135:502-506
Amundsen OC, Wisth PJ. Clinical pearl: LingLockTM – the flossable fixed retainer. J Orthod. 2005; 32:241-243
Axelsson S, Zachrisson BU. Clinical experience with direct-bonded labial retainers. J Clin Orthod. 1992; 26:480-490
Bishara SE, Ajlouni R, Soliman MM, Oonsombat C, Laffoon JF, Warren J. Evaluation of a new nano-filled restorative material for bonding orthodontic brackets. World J Orthod. 2007; 8:8-12
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Årtun J, Zachrisson BU. Improving the handling properties of a composite resin for direct bonding. Am J Orthod. 1982; 81:269-276
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Costa MT, Lenza MA. Bonding a v–loop lingual retainer with a DuraLay transfer tray. J Clin Orthod. 2005; 39:44-46
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Bonded orthodontic retainers

From Volume 6, Issue 3, July 2013 | Pages 70-77

Authors

Amish Patel

BDS, MFDS, MSc, MOrth

Specialist in Orthodontics, Newham Family Dental Care, 21 Collier Row Road, Collier Row, Romford RM5 3NR, UK

Articles by Amish Patel

Daljit Gill

BDS(Hons), BSc(Hons), MSc, FDS RCS, MOrth RCS, FDS(Orth) RCS(Eng), FHEA

BDS, BSc, MSc, FDS RCS, MOrth, FDS (Orth) RCS (Eng)

Articles by Daljit Gill

Abstract

Bonded orthodontic retainers have gained in popularity during recent years to maintain tooth positions upon completion of active tooth movement. This article aims to give an overview of the use of bonded retainers, discuss the different techniques for placement and review the different types of bonded retainers that are available.

Clinical Relevance: This article reviews a number of methods and materials used to construct bonded retainers and also provides evidence of failure rates.

Article

The aim of orthodontic retention is to maintain teeth in their new positions after active treatment has ceased. Almost all treated malocclusions require some form of retention post-treatment and relapse of orthodontic treatment may be unpredictable.1 Histological studies in dogs have shown that supracrestal fibres can take at least seven months to adapt to their new positions.2,3 Hence, the most common period of retention within the UK is 12 months,4 however, teeth can still move from their corrected positions after this period due to continued skeletal growth and soft tissue maturation. Therefore, some clinicians advocate indefinite retention to minimize relapse.1,5

A wide number of appliances have been used as retainers and these can be divided into two main subgroups:

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